洛河洛阳段沉积物重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险
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摘要：
为明晰洛河洛阳段沉积物重金属分布、风险及来源，以洛河洛阳段为研究对象，采集入城区段、主城区段和出城区段13个点位的表层沉积物，分析重金属(Pb、Cd、Cr、Mo、Cu和 Zn)的空间分特征，并利用地累积指数(Igeo)法、潜在生态风险指数(RI)法和主成分分析等方法评价重金属污染程度、潜在生态风险及来源解析，结果显示：洛河洛阳段沉积物重金属平均质量分数Pb(42.90 mg·kg-1)、Cd(2.41 mg·kg-1)、Cr(76.86 mg·kg-1)、Mo(9.31mg·kg-1)、Cu(35.15mg·kg-1)及Zn(145.60mg·kg-1)分别为黄河流域河南段重金属元素土壤背景值的1.7、14.2、1.1、13.7、1.5和2.2倍.Pb、Cr和 Cu质量分数均表现为入城区段显著高于出城区段，Cd、Mo和 Zn表现为主城区段显著高于出城区段，这6种重金属质量分数在入城区段与主城区段间无显著差异。入城区段和主城区段多数点位的 Cd为偏重污染程度及以上，Mo为中度污染或偏重污染程度，其余为轻度或低污染程度。源解析显示，Pb、Cd、Mo、Cu和Zn主要为人为源，Cr以自然源为主。潜在生态风险指数法结果显示，入城区点位达到强生态危害水平(Ⅲ级)及以上，主城区段所有点位均达到很强生态危害水平(Ⅳ级)，出城区段所有点位均达到强生态危害水平(Ⅲ级)，其中，Cd对RI 的贡献最大，占比64.10%,其次是 Mo(32.67%).洛阳市应重点关注由钼产业可能引起的环境风险，并进一步降低 Cd污染水平,方能降低洛河沉积物重金属的污染及潜在生态风险。
in order to clarify the distribution, risks, and sourees of heavy metals in the sediments of the Luoyang section of the Luohe River, surface sediments were collected from 13 sites located in the upstream urban area, the main uran area,and the downstream urban area. spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals(Pb, Cd, Cr, Mo, Cu, and Zn) were ana-lyzed. The geoaccumulation index( I geo), potential eeological risk index(RI), and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the pollution level, potential ecological risks, and identify the sources of heavy metals. The results showed that the average mass fraction of heavy metal in the sediments, Pb(42.90 mg . kg -1), Cd(2.4l mg . kg -1), Cr(76.86 mg. kg-1).Mo(9.31 mg. kg-1), Cu(35.15 mg.kg-1) and Zn(145.60 mg.kg-1) were 1.7, 14.2, 1.1, 13.7, 1.5, and 2.2 times of the soil background values of heavy metals in Henan section of the Yellow River Basin, respectively. The contents of Pb, Cr andCu in sediments in the upstream urban area were signilicantly higher than those in the downstream urban area, the contents of Cd, Mo, and Zn in the main urban area were significantly higher than those in the downstream urban area. There was no significant difference between the upstream urban area and the main urban area.In the upstream urban area and the main urban area, the Cd pollution level at most sites reaches moderate to severe, while Mo pollution is moderate to severe, and the rest are mild or low, Source analysis indicates that Pb, Cd, Mo, Cu, and Zn mainly originate from anthropogenic sources, while Cr is primarily a natural souree, The Rl results showed that the sites in the upstream urhan area have reached a strong ecological hazard level(G;rade Ⅲ) or above, all sites in the main urban area have reached a very strong ecological risk level(Grade Ⅳ).while all sites in the downstream urban area were at a strong ecological risk level(Grade Ⅲ). Among them, Cd contributes the most(64.10%) to the Rl , followed by Mo(32.67%). Luoyang City should focus on environmental risks potentially caused by the molybdenum industry and further reduce Cd pollution levels to mitigate heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks in the Luohe River sediments.
作者：
刘德鸿，石兆勇
Liu Dehong,Shi Zhaoyong
机构地区：
国家自然科学基金；河南科技大学博士人才基金
引用本文：
刘德鸿，石兆勇。洛河洛阳段沉积物重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险[J].Betway官方客服学报(自然科学版),2025,53(1):57-65.(Liu Dehong,Shi Zhaoyong.Spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments of the Luoyang section of the Luohe River[J].Journal of Henan Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2025,53(1):57-65.DOI:10.16366/j.cnki.1000-2367.2024.03.11.0004.)
基金：
河南省自然科学基金
关键词：
洛河；洛阳段；沉积物；重金属；潜在生态风险
Luohe River；Luoyang section；sediment；heavy metal； potential ecological risk
分类号：
X522
